1849 Antique Engravings - BRAZIL - Pernambuco - Morro Velho Mine

Description: A nice group of original engravings relating to Brazil entitled as follows:"Gold Mine in Brazil" - Illustrated London News dated January 20, 1849. This was the Morro Velho Mine - see below"Iron Lattice Girder Bridge at Pernambuco" - Illustrated London News dated August 15, 1868 "View of a clearing in a Brazilian Forest" - Gleason's Pictorial - not dated but c1854 "A mid-day halt on the Rio Trombutas, Brazil" - Illustrated London News dated April 11, 1857 "Wreck of the Duncan Dunbar Australian Passenger Ship on the coast of Brazil" - Illustrated London News dated December 2, 1865 - see below Full page size 11 x 16 inches. Full of interest for the historian. Good condition - see scans. These are genuine antique engravings and not reproductions. See more on Brazil that can be combined for mailingMorro VelhoFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaMorro VelhoLocationMorro Velho Gold MineLocation in BrazilLocationNova LimaStateMinas GeraisCountryBrazilCoordinates19°35′S 43°31′WCoordinates: 19°35′S 43°31′WProductionProductsGold, silver, arsenicProduction329,000Financial year2009HistoryOpened1835OwnerCompanyAngloGold AshantiWebsiteAngloGold Ashanti websiteMorro Velho, also called AngloGold Ashanti Brasil Mineração, after its current owner AngloGold Ashanti, is a complex of gold mines located near the city of Nova Lima in the Minas Gerais state of Brazil.It is one of two mining operations of the company in Brazil, the other being the Serra Grande Gold Mine.In 2008, the Brazilian operations contributed 8% to the company's overall production.[1]Contents [hide] 1History2Production3Images4References5External linksHistory[edit]The mines have been in operation since 1725 and came under the proprietorship of the English Saint John Del Rey Mining Company in 1834. In this period the mine was amongst others instrumental in the establishment of a hydro-electrical power plant, a state of the art hospital, the Villa Nova AC association football team, which had some importance between the 1930s and 1970s and the construction of a circa 10 kilometre tramway line between Nova Lima and Raposos, considered the first in South America.In 1915, the Morro Velho mine reached a vertical depth of 5,824 feet, which made it the deepest mine in the world.[2][3]The miners continued going deeper, and the mine kept the title of world’s deepest until 1928, when the Village Deep mine in South Africa reached a vertical depth of 8,000 feet, exceeding the depth of the Morro Velho, which was 7,126 feet in 1929.[4][5]In 1975 the South Africa based Anglo American Corporation, a precursor to today's AshantiGold, became owners of the operations. These days Morro Velhos is the world's oldest continuously worked mine. Some of the mines' works are over 3,000 meters (9,800 ft) deep underground. Although Morro Velho's main production is gold, silver, arsenic, and other minerals are also extracted at the mining complex.Despite closing of the Minha Velha and Engenho D'Água mines in 2003 and 2004, gold production has increased over the past three years, with 240,000 ounces (6,800 kilograms) of gold produced in 2004 at an average recovered ore grade of 0.222 ounces per ton (7.62 grams per metric ton). Cash costs of production totalled $133 per ounce, with the mine realizing adjusted operating profit of $45 million.In 2009, the mine employed close to 3,000 people, 2,250 of those being permanent staff.[6]Duncan DunbarFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia"The clipper Duncan", by Ferdinand II of PortugalHistoryName:Duncan DunbarOwner:Gellatly, Hankey & SewellBuilder:James Laing, Sunderland, Tyne and WearLaunched:18 May 1857Homeport:LondonFate:Wrecked, 7 October 1865General characteristicsType:ClipperTonnage:1,447 tonsTons burthen:2,500 tons bmLength:260 ft (79 m) o/a229 ft 2 in (69.85 m) (keel)Beam:36 ft 3 in (11.05 m)Depth of hold:23 ft (7.0 m)Sail plan:Full-rigged shipThe Duncan Dunbar was a clipper constructed for Duncan Dunbar & Company in 1857. It was shipwrecked at the Rocas Atoll off the coast of Brazil on 7 October 1865 on the way to Sydney, Australia.Contents [hide] 1Ship history1.1Sinking2References3External linksShip history[edit]The ship was launched on 18 May 1857 from the yard of James Laing, Sunderland, Tyne and Wear. She was the twelfth ship built by Laing for Dunbar, and at the time the largest vessel ever launched on the Wear. She was constructed entirely of wood, with English oak frames and East India teak planking and masts. She was held together with copper bolts, with iron trusses and knees. Overall the ship was 260 feet (79 m) long, and 229 ft 2 in (69.85 m) at the keel. She had a beam of 36 ft 3 in (11.05 m) and a depth of hold of 23 ft (7.0 m). Her tonnage was given as 1,447 tons, with a burthen of 2,500 tons. A large crowd gathered to witness the launch, and the ship was christened by Mrs. W.R. Robinson of Silksworth.[1] The ship was named either after Duncan Dunbar, the then owner of Duncan Dunbar & Co., or his father of the same name.[2]Under Dunbar's ownership the ship was engaged in the passenger and cargo trade between England and Australia. After Duncan Dunbar's death in 1862, the ship was sold to Gellatly, Hankey, Sewell & Co.[2]Sinking[edit]A contemporary report states:The ship left London, under Captain Swanson, on 28 August 1865 and Plymouth on 2 September 1865, with passengers and cargo for Sydney. On 7 October 1865 she was wrecked on the reef Las Roccas 03°52′S 33°45′WCoordinates: 03°52′S 33°45′W, on the coast of Brazil. She struck about 20:30. The Captain went in one of the boats to take soundings around her but she had gone aground at high tide. There were not enough boats to accommodate all the passengers and crew so he determined to wait until daylight to see if there was any dry land to which survivors could be taken by boat and raft. The passengers were in fear because the vessel was rolling heavily and striking violently with each roll. At daybreak on 8 October, the Captain succeeded in getting through the breakers to a landing place on one of the two sand islets which rose about 7 feet (2.1 m) above ordinary high-water mark. Preparations were at once made to transfer the passengers and crew to the spot, the passengers being lowered in a chair over the stern because it was impossible to keep a boat alongside due to the heavy rolling. By 07:00, all were landed. The islet was covered with pig-weed but there was no water so this was ferried from the wreck. Four of the five water-puncheons were lost, being stove-in by debris or having drifted away. There were 117 persons on the reef. For the first two days they had a pint of water each in temperatures of 112 °F (44 °C) degrees. A tent was constructed for shelter. The islet was infested with land-crabs and various vermin. They stayed on the islet for 10 days and during that period had recovered from the wreck sufficient water and stores to serve a hundred people for a hundred days. Captain Swanson had left, in the lifeboat, on 11 October 1865, to sail towards Pernambuco. After making 120 miles he was picked up by the American ship Hayara and dropped 15 miles from his destination. There, he procured the assistance of the Oneida, Royal Mail Steam Packet Company, which came to the island and took all hands safely to Southampton. The Captain remained in Pernambuco.[3]

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