PREHISTORIC INDIAN IMPLEMENTS, ARROWHEADS, PALEO, FLINTRIDGE, MOUNDBUILDERS

Description: PREHISTORIC INDIAN IMPLEMENTS, ARROWHEADS, PALEO, FLINTRIDGE, MOUNDBUILDERS Click images to enlarge Description Indians of North America - Implements. PREHISTORIC IMPLEMENTS. A REFERENCE BOOK. A Description of the Ornaments, Utensils, and Implements of Pre Columbian Man in America, BY WARREN K. MOOREHEAD, Assisted by Professor G. H. PERKINS, Mr. A. F. BERLIN, Doctors L. G. YATES and R. STEINER, The REVEREND H. C. MEREDITH, MESSRS. G. E. LAID- LAW AND M. WILKINSON, DOCTOR J. F. SNYDER, AND PROFESSOR T. H. LEWIS. 621 Figures, Showing 3,000 Specimens. THE ROBERT CLARKE CO., Publishers. Cincinnati, Ohio. 1900 THIS IS THE 1972 REPRINT 431 PAGES, HARDCOVER Press of ALLEN I. VOSBURGH. Saranac Lake, N. Y. Copyright, 1900. Warren K. Moorehead. THIS BOOK IS COMPLETE, CLEAN AND IN VERY GOOD + + TO NEAR MINT CONDITION.... PLEASE SEE PICTURES.... PLEASE VIEW MY OTHER EBAY LISTINGS... PLEASE SCROLL ALL OF THE WAY DOWN TO SEE MORE PICTURES.... PREFACE. It is unfortunate, but I must begin this book with an apology. Because of bodily infirmities I have not been able to give the proof reading constant personal attention, and as a consequence the errata slip (pages 15, 16) is longer than it otherwise would be"' I owe Mr. A. F. Berlin and Dr. L G. Yates special apologies for the several errors which occur in their Sections. A work of this nature is somewhat of a task even for one able to give it every moment of his time. It requires much research in archaeological lit- erature and a very extensive correspondence concerning rare or unknowp types — even more labor than I had apprehended. The critical reader will bear in mind that Prehistoric Implements is more or less of a pioneer work. No previous book has attempted so broad a field in an equally narrow compass. There is necessity for a text or hand- book—an illustrated catalogue — as is explained on page 17. If Prehistoric Implements trespassed upon the ground occupied by Dr. Thomas' most excellent "Introduction to the Study of North American Archaeology," it would never have been written. My book, as its name im- plies, is confined to a description of the stone, clay, bone and shell objects of ancient times, and treats not of cultures, monuments or peoples. Those students wishing to post themselves on these latter points should read Dr. Thomas' volume. The professional archaeologists of the museums will understand that this book is not for them.t I mention it lest some of them imagine that I am assuming to instruct those who know a great deal more about prehistoric times than I do. It is from the reports and other publications of these 27 authorities that much of the information presented herein has been obtained. For over 3 years I have been suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis, and it is only re- cently that I have been able to give "full time " to my profession. I am assured of perma- nent recovery. There are 27 men who may be considered scientific archaeologists. There are 23 others connected in various capacities with the museums. Did Prehistoric Implements pretend to be more than an ilhistrated de- scriptive catalogue, the omission of earthworks, tumuli, village sites and other remains would be inexcusable. Indeed, there are a few brief refer- ences which could not well be omitted. But I have endeavored to adhere strictly to my original plan and not depart from a simple description of types. The primary object of Prehistoric Implements is to inform the student and beginner. It also has a secondary mission — similar to that of my Bulletin Series — to call attention to unknown types, and to stimulate the study of speci- mens in museums and private collections. It emphasizes the need of an archaiologic nomenclature ; it illustrates various types from one section of the country and urges comparison with forms of another locality. I used to regard the finer grades of flint implements more highly than any other class of artifacts. But after years of study I am convinced that the ornamental, or " ceremonial," or unknown classes represent a broader field for archaeologic study. It is a pitiful admission, and one which I re- gret to make in these pages, that we cannot tell positively how, why and when these slate and granite Crescents, Banners, Butterflies, Boats, etc., etc., were made. All the cabinets and museums are full of them. They are graceful, artistic and stand for the highest art in neolithic times. Why have we all neglected them Individually, or as a class, they are much more at- tractive than the chipped or pecked artifacts. Can we not, as archaeologists, get together and solve some of these problems We are supposed to be skillful in the interpretation of aboriginal mysteries — are we to be baffled by a bit of polished slate with a hole drilled through it . Wherein does the power of our science lie if we must interpret through a comparison with specimens in use in historic times amongst mod- ern tribes } We are not true students of " pre-history " if we depend upon things purely historic. I shall feel amply repaid if this volume stimulates research and study of the ornamental or "ceremonial" class, the most in- teresting and important of all the handiwork of primitive man. It will be observed that I have written for the beginning collector and student. With the exception of a few remarks on " Paleolithic Man "(which I could not resist) I have avoided discussion and obscure generalities. I have stuck to the old terms — Indians, American Race, pre-Columbian Tribes, etc. Amerind would, doubtless, have been more proper. The Editors trust that the several hundred titles presented will afford readers all necessary references for comparative reading. To the Editors I am especially indebted. It would have been impossi- ble to accurately describe the prevailing t}pes in their regions, for I am not familiar with the areas they describe. The Sections written by these sev_ eral gentlemen are the most important portions of this volume and I wish to express my high appreciation of the service the editors have rendered me. Professor Perkins has presented New England as completely as possible in the small space allowed him. Professor A. F. Berlin is a known authority on the Eastern United States and students will learn much from his Section. I regret that some pages and illustrations had to be omitted from his paper. Dr. Lorenzo G. Yates knows Southern California better than anyone else. His state has been neglected by writers. I have, therefore, given it more space than other areas of equal size. I must apologize to Dr. Yates, as well as to Mr. Berlin, for omitting some pages of his MS. and several figures. Messrs. G. E. Laidlaw and Mac Wilkinson have my thanks for their labors in treating of Canada and the St. Lawrence Section. Dr, Roland Steiner is an authority on Georgia and his contribution sheds much light on primitive conditions in the South. I thank him. No one is more competent to write on Northern Califonia than the Rev. Mr. H. C Meredith. I thank him for his efforts. Doctor J. F. Snyder, Professor T. H. Lewis and Mr. Robert Gordon have my gratitude for articles and MSS. on various and important subjects. A number of gentlemen made for me illustrations (half-tones and wood cuts) of unique as well as typical specimens in their collections. I am much indebted to the following : Col. Bennett H. Young, Mr. John T. Reeder, Mr. Thomas Beckwith, The Rev. James Savage, Mr. George E. Barnes, Jr., Professor W. O. Emery, Mr. C. A. Geer, Mr. Thomas Tipton, Mr. Joe A. Young, Professor Jas. A. Barr, the Rev. H. C. Meredith, Professor A. |. Waychoff, Mr. H S. Hurlbutt. The list of those who kindly sent notes, photographs, drawings, etc., and furnished information is too long to be reproduced in full. I thank all ladies and gentlemen who co-operated with me in making the book a success. There are upwards of 300, representing every state and territory, who de- scribed types which they thought had not come to my notice. All these communications and illustrations have been filed for future reference. They shall be permanently preserved. Some of them are: The Rev. E. C. Mitchell, Mr. George Katzenberer, Mr. R. Wetherill, Dr. P. D.Winship.Mr. J.W. Peck. Mr. A L. Hopkins, Prof. W.C. Mills, Mr. C. H. Collins. Dr. J. M. Brooks, Mr. W. F. Parker, Mr. C.J. Beencks, The Rev. Wm. Beauchanip, Mr. M. C. Long, Mr. Jasper Brown, Mr. James Weir, Messrs. Pogue & Pogue. Mr. H. I. Smith, Mr. Charles E. Brown. Mr. H. P. Hamilton. Mr. E. T-. Guthrie, Mr. G J. Chadd, Mr. L. S. Drew Mr. W. C. Herriman, Mrs. R. H. Spencer, The Rev. Mr. St. Onge, Mr. C. J. Wertz, Mr. W. H. Davis, Mr. L. W. Hills, Dr Cavey, Mr. George Williamson, Mr. A. B. Coover, Mr. H. S. Binkley, Mr. John N. Hodgin, Messrs. Frierson Brothers. Mr. A. J. Powers, Captain Richard Wainwright. I am indebted to a number of museums, individuals and publishers who were kind enough to loan me certain plates and figures for insertion. But for this the cost of illustrating would have been largely increased. I desire to thank General G. P. Thruston and The Robert Clarke Co. for the loan of figures from "Antiquities of Tennessee" ; the Hon. J. V. Brower for numer- ous plates from his " Quivira " and " Harahey" ; Dr. F. H. Williams for figures from " Prehistoric Remains of the Tunxis Valley" ; The Bureau of Ethnology and gentlemen connected therewith for permission to reproduce certain figures ; Professor F. W.Putnam, of the Peabody Museum and the American Museum of Natural History, for permission to reproduce figures ; the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society for the loan of cuts ; Popular Science and Dr. L. G. Yates for figures ; Mr. W. J. Seever and Mr. J. M. M. Gernerd, Professor H. C. Mercer and Doctor Thomas Wilson for loan of cuts. The publication of Prehistoric Implements may bring to light specimens that have been hidden away in private collections — objects unknown or rare forms. If the book is favorably received, I trust that it will be possible to issue a new and revised edition at some future time. WARREN K. MOOREHEAD, Saranac Lake, N. Y. , June 4TH, 1900. TABLE OF CONTENTS. SECTION I. PAGE. Collections, Explorations, the Southwest, ... 17 The Making of a Collection, . . . . . .18 The Keeping of a Collection, .... 25 As to the Arrangement of Specimens, . . . .26 The Southwest. ..... . . 27 Ceramic, ....... 29 Effigies and Unknown Objects, . . . . . 31 Ornaments of Shell, . . . . . . .42 Perforated Stones, ...... 46 SECTION II. The Upper Missouri and Mississippi, . . . . .49 SECTION III. The Great Plains and Lower Missouri, . ... 64 Implements of Stone and Flint, . . . . .69 Synopsis (Great Plains, etc.), ..... 84 SECTION IV. Archaeology of New England, . . . . . .86 Burial Places . . ..... 87 Shell Object ........ 90 Shell Heaps, ....... 91 Objects of Bone, ..... . .91 Objects of Coppei, ...... 93 Pottery, . . ,. . . . . 94 Steatite or Soapstone Dishes, ..... 99 Ground and Polished Stone Implements, .... 102 Celts ........ 105 Notched and Grooved Axes. ...... 106 Pestles, . . . . ... . 108 Hammers and Pounders — Pitted Stones, .... 109 Slate Knives, . . . . . . .110 Semilunar Knives, . . . . . . .113 Pipes, • • • • • • • 114 Discoidal Stones, . . . . . . .118 Ceremonial Objects, . . . . . . . 118 Chipped and Flaked Implements, . . . . .122 Scrapers, . . . . . . . .123 Bibliography, . . . . . . . 125 SECTION V. The Middle South and South Appalachian, . . . 126 Missouri, Northern Arkansas and Eastern Iowa, . . .127 Axes, Pestles, Celts, etc. , . . . . . . 131 Hematites, . . . . . . . .132 Tennessee, Arkansas, Missouri, etc., Pottery, . . . 135 Bone and Shell Objects, . . . . . .141 Axes and Polished Stone Hatchets, .... 144 Flint Weapons and Implements, . . . . .144 Large Flint Implements, ...... 147 Ornaments and Ceremonials, . . . . . .158 Bicave, or Discoidal Stones, . . . . .163 Additional Information, ...... 168 Stone Tubes, Possible Musical Instruments, . . . 168 Continuation of the Middle South,. . . . . .169 Colonel Youngs' Collection, . . . . .169 Ornaments, etc., from Mr. Wiers' Collection, . . . 173 Where Specimens may be procured, . . . . 175 Maryland, West Virginia, Virginia, etc., . . . .177 The Lower Potomac, Virginia, etc., . . . . 179 Appendix to Section II, Minnesota Artifacts, . . . .182 SECTION VI. The East Alleghany, . . . . . .185 Habitat, ........ 185 Material, . . . . ... . .186 Paleoliths, or Rude Stone Implements, . . . .188 Cores and Flakes, . . . . , . .189 Flaked Implements — Arrow-heads, ..... 191 Spear-heads, ....... 200 Knives or Cutting Tools, ...... 203 Scrapers, . . . . ... 204 Drilling Tools or Perforators, ...... 205 Steatite Tools and Vessels, ..... 207 Anvil Shaped Stones, ....... 209 Net Sinkers, . . . . .210 Adzes and Chisels, . . . .212 Relics of Copper from Eastern Pennsylvania, etc., . . 212 Articles of Shell in New York, . . . . .215 Gouges, . . . . . . , .213 Pipes, . . . . . . . .214 Polished Stone Hatchets or Celts, . . . . . 219 Ceremonial Weapons, . . . , . .219 Pestles, Mullers, etc., . . . . . .221 Bird or Saddle Stones, etc., . . . . . .221 Pierced Tablets or Gorgets, etc., . . . . . 221 Pendants, Cupped or Pitted Stones, etc., .... 224 Beads, . . . . . . . . 224 Hammer Stones. . . . . . . .225 The Woman's Knife, ..... 225 Pottery, ........ 226 Grooved Axes, ... .... 226 Articles of Bone in New York, ..... 228 Bibliography, . . ... . . . 229 SECTION VII. Archaeology of California, . . . . . . 230 Southern California, . . . . . .230 Habitation, ........ 231 Utensils, . . . . . . .231 Stone Cups and Bowls, ...... 232 Food Material, ....... 232 Weapons, . . . . , . . .234 Perforated Stones and Discs, . . . . 235 Pipes, . ........ 238 Prehistoric Money and Ornaments. . . . .241 Fish Hooks. ........ 244 Scarifacators, ...... 246 Tubes, . . . . . . . .247 Pottery, . . . * . . . . .248 Basketry and Basket Mortars, ..... 248 Flaked Stone Implements, ..... 248 Charm Stones, . . . . . . .250 Arrow Straighteners, . . . . . .250 Rubbing Stones, . . . . . . .250 Bibliography, . . . . . . .252 SECTION VIII. British Columbia and the Northwest Coast, . . . .253 Bibliography, ....... 257 SECTION IX. Archa'ology of California, Central and Northern California, . 258 Earthworks, . . . . . . .258 Chipped Implements, ...... 259 Spear Heads, ....... 263 Arrow Points, ....... 263 Drills, ........ 267 Arrowshaft Scrapers, ...... 269 Bone Implements and Whistles. ..... 269 Game Bones, Nose and Hair Pins, . . . 270 Bone Knives, Spears or Harpoons, . . . . .271 Shell Ornaments, . ..... 273 Grooved Stones, . . . . . . .275 Perforated Stones, ...... 276 War Clubs, Cylinders, ...... 278 Medicine Stones, Plummets, ..... 280 Pottery, . . , . . . . .283 Steatite Objects, Pipes, ...... 284 Mortars and Pestles, . . . . . . 286 Miscellaneous, ....... 288 Paint. Celt, ........ 289 Rubbing Stones, Crescents, ..... 291 Effigies, . . . . . . . 291 Ceremonial Knives, .... ... 293 Bibliography, ....... 294 SECTION X. St. Lawrence Basin and Canada, . . . . ,. 305 Pottery. . . . . . . . .306 Flint Relics, ...... 306 Ceremonials, . ....... 308 Stone Pipes, . . . . . . .314 Axes, Celts and Gouges, . , . , . 317 Copper Objects, . . ..... 320 SECTION XI. The Ohio Valley, ....... 330 Pipes, . . . . . . 331 Copper and Mica Objects, ...... 335 Inscribed Stones, . . . . . 336 Plummets, ........ 337 Tool Sharpeners, ....... 338 Bird Stones, ........ 338 Pestles, ....... 342 Bone and Shell Objects, . . . . 342 Flint Implements, ....... 345 Ornaments, Ceremonials and Unknown Objects, . . 352 Carved Spools. . . . . . . 358 Celts and Axes, ....... 360 Additional Information, ...... 362 SECTION XII. The South, ........ 364 Grooved Axes, ....... 367 Mortars, ........ 368 Knives, . . . . ...... 369 Drills, ........ 372 Bicave (or Discoidals), ...... 375 Synopsis of Types, ....... 376 Scrapers, . ....... 378 Idols and Pipes, ....... 379 Cup Stones, ....... 382 Spear-heads — Arrow Points, . . . . 383 Ceremonials and Pendants, ..... 389 Pottery, .............. 393 Appendix, ..... ...... 395 Information on Various subjects, ..... 395 Slate Tablets and Arrows, ..... 396 Fire Making Apparatus, ...... 397 Cord and Bow Drills, ..... 398 Germ of Shore-land Pottery, ..... 398 Pottery Decoration, . , . . . . 399, 400 SECTION XIII. The Manufacture of Flint Implements, .... 401 Flaking by Heat Theory, . . . .... 413 Flint Ridge Quarries, . . . . ..... 413 SECTION XIV. Additional Information, Concluding Remarks, . . . 416 Fraudulent Specimens, ...... 416 Detection of Frauds, . . . . . . . 416 General Observations, . . . . . . 421 SECTION I. 1. Collections and Explorations. 2. The South-West. There are some 5450 persons in the United States and Canada more or less interested in the study of prehistoric archaeology.* Approximately. 50 are connected in some capacity with scientific museums. About 500 read publications, belong to societies or are actively engaged in serious study. The remaining 89 per cent, make collections for their own amusement, or pursue irregular studies. Nearly 4500 own collections. These vary in size from 50 to 25,000 specimens. Possibly, it is no exaggeration (in averaging) to allow 200 specimens per collection. There are upwards of 400 exhibits which contain over 4000 specimens each, and I should place the total of archaeologic material in the hands of private owners at more than 2,000,000 objects. As has been stated in the Preface, this elementary work is issued for the benefit of the collector and student. Those of the museum clientele and a proportion of the "500 students," will discover little that is either new or valuable. But to the person of limited opportunities it may offer a few suggestions, and, I trust, aid him in naming and classifying his specimens. To such, the multitudinous reports, books and pamphlets dealing with archaeologic matters, are a bewilderment in themselves. To get a compre- hensive idea of the subject he must buy and read them all, and the average man has neither the time nor the means to accomi)lish this end. I am not able to properly cover the entire range of American prehistoric implements, ornaments and utensils. So many slight differences exist that to describe all the forms or variations one would be compelled to write many volumes instead of one. But I shall endeavor to present the characteristic types both local and general. Doubtless, many specimens are omitted which should have been figured. Es- peci.'iUy is this true of regions whieh are not mentioned (or super- ficially so) in the reports, or where no collectors reside. As has been intimated in the Preface, I find many similar forms— especially in the more common implements— oecuring in widely separated areas. As it was necessary to limit the illustrations I have omitted presenting 2 or 3 cuts of objects nearly alike, yet from different sections. But I have shown many specimens in some of the plates and the total presented is not far short of 3000. My idea is to describe the characteristic, or typical, or per- fect forms, as the case may be. Yet, the common or crude objects have not been omitted. Pictures sell! Auctiva offers Free Image Hosting and Editing.300+ Listing Templates! Auctiva gets you noticed! The complete eBay Selling Solution. Track Page Views WithAuctiva's Counter

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Location: Martins Ferry, Ohio

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